前面已经介绍了，现在模拟下更换故障Brick的操作：
1）GlusterFS集群系统一共有4个节点，集群信息如下：
分别在各个节点上配置hosts、同步好系统时间，关闭防火墙和selinux[root@GlusterFS-slave data]# cat /etc/hosts192.168.10.239 GlusterFS-master192.168.10.212 GlusterFS-slave192.168.10.204 GlusterFS-slave2192.168.10.220 GlusterFS-slave3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------分别在四个节点机上使用df创建一个虚拟分区，然后在这个分区上创建存储目录[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 1.8G 34G 5% /devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 2.9G 8.5M 2.9G 1% /runtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/vda1 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot/dev/mapper/centos-home 18G 33M 18G 1% /hometmpfs 581M 0 581M 0% /run/user/0dd命令创建一个虚拟分区出来，格式化并挂载到/data目录下[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# dd if=/dev/vda1 of=/dev/vdb12097152+0 records in2097152+0 records out1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.0979 s, 512 MB/s[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# du -sh /dev/vdb11.0G /dev/vdb1[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb1 //这里格式成xfs格式文件，也可以格式化成ext4格式的。meta-data=/dev/vdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# mkdir /data[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /data[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# df -hFilesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 1.8G 34G 5% /devtmpfs 2.9G 34M 2.8G 2% /devtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs 2.9G 8.5M 2.9G 1% /runtmpfs 2.9G 0 2.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/vda1 1014M 143M 872M 15% /boot/dev/mapper/centos-home 18G 33M 18G 1% /hometmpfs 581M 0 581M 0% /run/user/0/dev/loop0 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /data[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# fdisk -l.......Disk /dev/loop0: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes设置开机自动挂载[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# echo '/dev/loop0 /data xfs defaults 1 2' >> /etc/fstab记住：以上操作要在四台节点机器上都要执行一遍，即创建存储目录环境！----------------------------------------------------------------------------------部署glusterfs集群的中间部分操作在此省略，具体可参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/8743812.html创建集群，在GlusterFS-master节点上操作：[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster peer probe 192.168.10.212peer probe: success. [root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster peer probe 192.168.10.204peer probe: success. [root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster peer probe 192.168.10.220peer probe: success. 查看集群情况[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster peer statusNumber of Peers: 3Hostname: 192.168.10.212Uuid: f8e69297-4690-488e-b765-c1c404810d6aState: Peer in Cluster (Connected)Hostname: 192.168.10.204Uuid: a989394c-f64a-40c3-8bc5-820f623952c4State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)Hostname: 192.168.10.220Uuid: dd99743a-285b-4aed-b3d6-e860f9efd965State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)在其他节点上查看集群情况，就能看到GlusterFS-master节点了[root@GlusterFS-slave ~]# gluster peer statusNumber of Peers: 3Hostname: GlusterFS-masterUuid: 5dfd40e2-096b-40b5-bee3-003b57a39007State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)Hostname: 192.168.10.204Uuid: a989394c-f64a-40c3-8bc5-820f623952c4State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)Hostname: 192.168.10.220Uuid: dd99743a-285b-4aed-b3d6-e860f9efd965State: Peer in Cluster (Connected)创建副本卷[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume infoNo volumes present[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume create models replica 2 192.168.10.239:/data/gluster 192.168.10.212:/data/gluster forcevolume create: models: success: please start the volume to access data[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume listmodels[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume info Volume Name: modelsType: ReplicateVolume ID: 8eafb261-e0d2-4f3b-8e09-05475c63dcc6Status: CreatedNumber of Bricks: 1 x 2 = 2Transport-type: tcpBricks:Brick1: 192.168.10.239:/data/glusterBrick2: 192.168.10.212:/data/gluster启动models卷[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume start modelsvolume start: models: success[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume status modelsStatus of volume: modelsGluster process Port Online Pid------------------------------------------------------------------------------Brick 192.168.10.239:/data/gluster 49156 Y 16040Brick 192.168.10.212:/data/gluster 49157 Y 5544NFS Server on localhost N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on localhost N/A Y 16059NFS Server on 192.168.10.204 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.204 N/A Y 12412NFS Server on 192.168.10.220 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.220 N/A Y 17656NFS Server on 192.168.10.212 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.212 N/A Y 5563 Task Status of Volume models------------------------------------------------------------------------------There are no active volume tasks将另外两个节点追加到集群中。即卷扩容[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume add-brick models 192.168.10.204:/data/gluster 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster forcevolume add-brick: success[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# gluster volume info Volume Name: modelsType: Distributed-ReplicateVolume ID: 8eafb261-e0d2-4f3b-8e09-05475c63dcc6Status: StartedNumber of Bricks: 2 x 2 = 4Transport-type: tcpBricks:Brick1: 192.168.10.239:/data/glusterBrick2: 192.168.10.212:/data/glusterBrick3: 192.168.10.204:/data/glusterBrick4: 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2）测试Gluster卷
客户端挂载glusterfs[root@Client ~]# mount -t glusterfs 192.168.10.239:models /opt/gfsmount[root@Client gfsmount]# df -h........192.168.10.239:models 2.0G 65M 2.0G 4% /opt/gfsmount[root@Client ~]# cd /opt/gfsmount/[root@Client gfsmount]# ls[root@Client gfsmount]#写入测试数据[root@Client gfsmount]# for i in `seq -w 1 100`; do cp -rp /var/log/messages /opt/gfsmount/copy-test-$i; done[root@Client gfsmount]# ls /opt/gfsmount/copy-test-001 copy-test-014 copy-test-027 copy-test-040 copy-test-053 copy-test-066 copy-test-079 copy-test-092copy-test-002 copy-test-015 copy-test-028 copy-test-041 copy-test-054 copy-test-067 copy-test-080 copy-test-093copy-test-003 copy-test-016 copy-test-029 copy-test-042 copy-test-055 copy-test-068 copy-test-081 copy-test-094copy-test-004 copy-test-017 copy-test-030 copy-test-043 copy-test-056 copy-test-069 copy-test-082 copy-test-095copy-test-005 copy-test-018 copy-test-031 copy-test-044 copy-test-057 copy-test-070 copy-test-083 copy-test-096copy-test-006 copy-test-019 copy-test-032 copy-test-045 copy-test-058 copy-test-071 copy-test-084 copy-test-097copy-test-007 copy-test-020 copy-test-033 copy-test-046 copy-test-059 copy-test-072 copy-test-085 copy-test-098copy-test-008 copy-test-021 copy-test-034 copy-test-047 copy-test-060 copy-test-073 copy-test-086 copy-test-099copy-test-009 copy-test-022 copy-test-035 copy-test-048 copy-test-061 copy-test-074 copy-test-087 copy-test-100copy-test-010 copy-test-023 copy-test-036 copy-test-049 copy-test-062 copy-test-075 copy-test-088copy-test-011 copy-test-024 copy-test-037 copy-test-050 copy-test-063 copy-test-076 copy-test-089copy-test-012 copy-test-025 copy-test-038 copy-test-051 copy-test-064 copy-test-077 copy-test-090copy-test-013 copy-test-026 copy-test-039 copy-test-052 copy-test-065 copy-test-078 copy-test-091[root@Client gfsmount]# ls -lA /opt/gfsmount|wc -l101在各节点机器上也确认下，发现这100个文件随机地各自分为了两个50份的文件（均衡），分别同步到了第1-2节点和第3-4节点上了。[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# ls /data/glustercopy-test-001 copy-test-016 copy-test-028 copy-test-038 copy-test-054 copy-test-078 copy-test-088 copy-test-100copy-test-004 copy-test-017 copy-test-029 copy-test-039 copy-test-057 copy-test-079 copy-test-090copy-test-006 copy-test-019 copy-test-030 copy-test-041 copy-test-060 copy-test-081 copy-test-093copy-test-008 copy-test-021 copy-test-031 copy-test-046 copy-test-063 copy-test-082 copy-test-094copy-test-011 copy-test-022 copy-test-032 copy-test-048 copy-test-065 copy-test-083 copy-test-095copy-test-012 copy-test-023 copy-test-033 copy-test-051 copy-test-073 copy-test-086 copy-test-098copy-test-015 copy-test-024 copy-test-034 copy-test-052 copy-test-077 copy-test-087 copy-test-099[root@GlusterFS-master ~]# ll /data/gluster|wc -l51[root@GlusterFS-slave ~]# ls /data/gluster/copy-test-001 copy-test-016 copy-test-028 copy-test-038 copy-test-054 copy-test-078 copy-test-088 copy-test-100copy-test-004 copy-test-017 copy-test-029 copy-test-039 copy-test-057 copy-test-079 copy-test-090copy-test-006 copy-test-019 copy-test-030 copy-test-041 copy-test-060 copy-test-081 copy-test-093copy-test-008 copy-test-021 copy-test-031 copy-test-046 copy-test-063 copy-test-082 copy-test-094copy-test-011 copy-test-022 copy-test-032 copy-test-048 copy-test-065 copy-test-083 copy-test-095copy-test-012 copy-test-023 copy-test-033 copy-test-051 copy-test-073 copy-test-086 copy-test-098copy-test-015 copy-test-024 copy-test-034 copy-test-052 copy-test-077 copy-test-087 copy-test-099[root@GlusterFS-slave ~]# ll /data/gluster/|wc -l51[root@GlusterFS-slave2 ~]# ls /data/gluster/copy-test-002 copy-test-014 copy-test-036 copy-test-047 copy-test-059 copy-test-069 copy-test-080 copy-test-097copy-test-003 copy-test-018 copy-test-037 copy-test-049 copy-test-061 copy-test-070 copy-test-084copy-test-005 copy-test-020 copy-test-040 copy-test-050 copy-test-062 copy-test-071 copy-test-085copy-test-007 copy-test-025 copy-test-042 copy-test-053 copy-test-064 copy-test-072 copy-test-089copy-test-009 copy-test-026 copy-test-043 copy-test-055 copy-test-066 copy-test-074 copy-test-091copy-test-010 copy-test-027 copy-test-044 copy-test-056 copy-test-067 copy-test-075 copy-test-092copy-test-013 copy-test-035 copy-test-045 copy-test-058 copy-test-068 copy-test-076 copy-test-096[root@GlusterFS-slave2 ~]# ll /data/gluster/|wc -l51[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# ls /data/gluster/copy-test-002 copy-test-014 copy-test-036 copy-test-047 copy-test-059 copy-test-069 copy-test-080 copy-test-097copy-test-003 copy-test-018 copy-test-037 copy-test-049 copy-test-061 copy-test-070 copy-test-084copy-test-005 copy-test-020 copy-test-040 copy-test-050 copy-test-062 copy-test-071 copy-test-085copy-test-007 copy-test-025 copy-test-042 copy-test-053 copy-test-064 copy-test-072 copy-test-089copy-test-009 copy-test-026 copy-test-043 copy-test-055 copy-test-066 copy-test-074 copy-test-091copy-test-010 copy-test-027 copy-test-044 copy-test-056 copy-test-067 copy-test-075 copy-test-092copy-test-013 copy-test-035 copy-test-045 copy-test-058 copy-test-068 copy-test-076 copy-test-096[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# ll /data/gluster/|wc -l51
3）模拟brick故障
1）查看当前存储状态在GlusterFS-slave3节点机器上操作[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# gluster volume statusStatus of volume: modelsGluster process Port Online Pid------------------------------------------------------------------------------Brick 192.168.10.239:/data/gluster 49156 Y 16040Brick 192.168.10.212:/data/gluster 49157 Y 5544Brick 192.168.10.204:/data/gluster 49157 Y 12432Brick 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster 49158 Y 17678NFS Server on localhost N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on localhost N/A Y 17697NFS Server on GlusterFS-master N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on GlusterFS-master N/A Y 16104NFS Server on 192.168.10.204 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.204 N/A Y 12451NFS Server on 192.168.10.212 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.212 N/A Y 5593 Task Status of Volume models------------------------------------------------------------------------------There are no active volume tasks注：注意到Online项全部为"Y" 2）制造故障（注意这里模拟的是文件系统故障，假设物理硬盘没有问题或已经更换阵列中的硬盘）在GlusterFS-slave3节点机器上操作[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# vim /etc/fstab //注释掉如下行......#/dev/loop0 /data xfs defaults 1 2重启服务器[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# reboot重启后，发现GlusterFS-slave3节点的/data没有挂载上[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# df -h重启后，发现GlusterFS-slave3节点的存储目录不在了，数据没有了。[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# ls /data/[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]#重启服务器后，记得启动glusterd服务[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# /usr/local/glusterfs/sbin/glusterd[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# ps -ef|grep glusterroot 11122 1 4 23:13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/glusterfs/sbin/glusterdroot 11269 1 2 23:13 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/glusterfs/sbin/glusterfs -s localhost --volfile-id gluster/glustershd -p /usr/local/glusterfs/var/lib/glusterd/glustershd/run/glustershd.pid -l /usr/local/glusterfs/var/log/glusterfs/glustershd.log -S /var/run/98e3200bc6620c9d920e9dc65624dbe0.socket --xlator-option *replicate*.node-uuid=dd99743a-285b-4aed-b3d6-e860f9efd965root 11280 5978 0 23:13 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto gluster3）查看当前存储状态[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# gluster volume statusStatus of volume: modelsGluster process Port Online Pid------------------------------------------------------------------------------Brick 192.168.10.239:/data/gluster 49156 Y 16040Brick 192.168.10.212:/data/gluster 49157 Y 5544Brick 192.168.10.204:/data/gluster 49157 Y 12432Brick 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster N/A N N/ANFS Server on localhost N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on localhost N/A Y 11269NFS Server on GlusterFS-master N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on GlusterFS-master N/A Y 16104NFS Server on 192.168.10.212 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.212 N/A Y 5593NFS Server on 192.168.10.204 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.204 N/A Y 12451 Task Status of Volume models------------------------------------------------------------------------------There are no active volume tasks注意：发现GlusterFS-slave3节点（192.168.10.220）的Online项状态为"N"了！4）恢复故障brick方法 4.1）结束故障brick的进程如上通过"gluster volume status"命令，如果查看到状态Online项为"N"的GlusterFS-slave3节点存在PID号（不显示N/A）,则应当使用"kill -15 pid"杀死它！一般当Online项为"N"时就不显示pid号了。 4.2）创建新的数据目录（注意绝不可以与之前目录一样）[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# dd if=/dev/vda1 of=/dev/vdb12097152+0 records in2097152+0 records out1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.05684 s, 522 MB/s[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# du -sh /dev/vdb11.0G /dev/vdb1[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb1meta-data=/dev/vdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blksnaming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0重新挂载[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /data[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# vim /etc/fstab //去掉下面注释....../dev/loop0 /data xfs defaults 1 24.3）查询故障节点的备份节点(GlusterFS-slave2)目录的扩展属性（使用"yum search getfattr"命令getfattr工具的安装途径）[root@GlusterFS-slave2 ~]# yum install -y attr.x86_64[root@GlusterFS-slave2 ~]# getfattr -d -m. -e hex /data/glustergetfattr: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names# file: data/glustertrusted.gfid=0x00000000000000000000000000000001trusted.glusterfs.dht=0x00000001000000007ffffffffffffffftrusted.glusterfs.volume-id=0x8eafb261e0d24f3b8e0905475c63dcc64.4）挂载卷并触发自愈在客户端先卸载掉之前的挂载[root@Client ~]# umount /data/gluster然后重新挂载GlusterFS-slave3（其实挂载哪一个节点的都可以）[root@Client ~]# mount -t glusterfs 192.168.10.220:models /opt/gfsmount[root@Client ~]# df -h.......192.168.10.220:models 2.0G 74M 2.0G 4% /opt/gfsmount新建一个卷中不存在的目录并删除[root@Client ~]# cd /opt/gfsmount/[root@Client gfsmount]# mkdir testDir001[root@Client gfsmount]# rm -rf testDir001设置扩展属性触发自愈[root@Client gfsmount]# setfattr -n trusted.non-existent-key -v abc /opt/gfsmount[root@Client gfsmount]# setfattr -x trusted.non-existent-key /opt/gfsmount4.5）检查当前节点是否挂起xattrs再次查询故障节点的备份节点(GlusterFS-slave2)目录的扩展属性[root@GlusterFS-slave2 ~]# getfattr -d -m. -e hex /data/glustergetfattr: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names# file: data/glustertrusted.afr.dirty=0x000000000000000000000000trusted.afr.models-client-2=0x000000000000000000000000trusted.afr.models-client-3=0x000000000000000200000002trusted.gfid=0x00000000000000000000000000000001trusted.glusterfs.dht=0x00000001000000007ffffffffffffffftrusted.glusterfs.volume-id=0x8eafb261e0d24f3b8e0905475c63dcc6注意：留意第5行,表示xattrs已经将源标记为GlusterFS-slave3:/data/gluster4.6）检查卷的状态是否显示需要替换[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# gluster volume heal models infoBrick GlusterFS-master:/data/gluster/Number of entries: 0Brick GlusterFS-slave:/data/gluster/Number of entries: 0Brick GlusterFS-slave2:/data/gluster// Number of entries: 1Brick 192.168.10.220:/data/glusterStatus: Transport endpoint is not connected注：状态提示传输端点未连接（最后一行） 4.7）使用强制提交完成操作[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# gluster volume replace-brick models 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster1 commit force提示如下表示正常完成：volume replace-brick: success: replace-brick commit force operation successful-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------注意：也可以将数据恢复到另外一台服务器，详细命令如下（192.168.10.230为新增的另一个glusterfs节点）（可选）：# gluster peer probe 192.168.10.230# gluster volume replace-brick models 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster 192.168.10.230:/data/gluster commit force-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.8）检查存储的在线状态[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# gluster volume statusStatus of volume: modelsGluster process Port Online Pid------------------------------------------------------------------------------Brick 192.168.10.239:/data/gluster 49156 Y 16040Brick 192.168.10.212:/data/gluster 49157 Y 5544Brick 192.168.10.204:/data/gluster 49157 Y 12432Brick 192.168.10.220:/data/gluster1 49159 Y 11363NFS Server on localhost N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on localhost N/A Y 11375NFS Server on 192.168.10.204 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.204 N/A Y 12494NFS Server on 192.168.10.212 N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on 192.168.10.212 N/A Y 5625NFS Server on GlusterFS-master N/A N N/ASelf-heal Daemon on GlusterFS-master N/A Y 16161 Task Status of Volume models------------------------------------------------------------------------------There are no active volume tasks从上面信息可以看出，192.168.10.220（GlusterFS-slave3）节点的Online项的状态为"Y"了，不过存储目录是/data/gluster1这个时候，查看GlusterFS-slave3节点的存储目录，发现数据已经恢复了[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# ls /data/gluster/copy-test-002 copy-test-014 copy-test-036 copy-test-047 copy-test-059 copy-test-069 copy-test-080 copy-test-097copy-test-003 copy-test-018 copy-test-037 copy-test-049 copy-test-061 copy-test-070 copy-test-084copy-test-005 copy-test-020 copy-test-040 copy-test-050 copy-test-062 copy-test-071 copy-test-085copy-test-007 copy-test-025 copy-test-042 copy-test-053 copy-test-064 copy-test-072 copy-test-089copy-test-009 copy-test-026 copy-test-043 copy-test-055 copy-test-066 copy-test-074 copy-test-091copy-test-010 copy-test-027 copy-test-044 copy-test-056 copy-test-067 copy-test-075 copy-test-092copy-test-013 copy-test-035 copy-test-045 copy-test-058 copy-test-068 copy-test-076 copy-test-096[root@GlusterFS-slave3 ~]# ll /data/gluster/|wc -l51温馨提示：上面模拟的故障是gluster节点的存储目录所在的分区挂载失败，导致存储目录不在的数据修复方法。如果存储目录删除了，还可以根据文档：http://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/8778123.html中介绍的复制卷数据故障的相关方法进行数据恢复。